Assessment and prediction of tablet properties using transmission and backscattering Raman spectroscopy and transmission NIR spectroscopy

This study investigated whether Raman and Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy could predict tablet properties. Granules were produced on a continuous line by varying granulation parameters. Tableting process parameters were adjusted to obtain uniform tablet weight and thickness. Spectra were collected offline and tablet properties determined with traditional analyzing methods. Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression was used to correlate spectral information to tablet properties, but predictive models couldn't be established. Principal component analysis (PCA) was effectively used to distinguish theophylline concentrations and hydration levels and multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis allowed insight on how granulation parameters affect granule and tablet properties

Experimental investigation of residence time, granulation liquid and granule size distributions in twin-screw granulation

C

Experimental investigation of the link between granulation performance, residence time and granulation liquid distribution in twin-screw granulation

C

Effectiveness of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Weight Loss in Patients with Obesity Undergoing Bariatric Surgery : A Randomized Clinical Trial

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.Importance: Severe obesity is a major health concern. However, a few patients remain resistant to bariatric surgery and other treatments. Animal studies suggest that weight may be altered by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from a lean donor. Objective: To determine whether FMT from a lean donor reduces body weight and further improves the results of bariatric surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants: This double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 2018 to 2021 among adult individuals with severe obesity treated at 2 bariatric surgery centers in Finland and included 18 months of follow-up. Patients eligible for bariatric surgery were recruited for the study. Data were analyzed from March 2021 to May 2022. Interventions: FMT from a lean donor or from the patient (autologous placebo) was administered by gastroscopy into the duodenum. Bariatric surgery was performed 6 months after the baseline intervention using laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcome was weight reduction measured as the percentage of total weight loss (TWL). Results: Forty-one patients were recruited to participate in the study and were included in the final analysis (29 women [71.1%]; mean [SD] age, 48.7 [8.7] years; mean [SD] body mass index, 42.5 [6.0]). A total of 21 patients received FMT from a lean donor, and 20 received an autologous placebo. Six months after FMT, 34 patients underwent LRYGB and 4 underwent LSG. Thirty-four patients (82.9%) attended the last visit 18 months after the baseline visit. The percentage of TWL at 6 months was 4.8% (95% CI, 2.7% to 7.0%; P <.001) in the FMT group and 4.6% (95% CI, 1.5% to 7.6%; P =.006) in the placebo group, but no difference was observed between the groups. At 18 months from the baseline (ie, 12 months after surgery), the percentage of TWL was 25.3% (95% CI, 19.5 to 31.1; P <.001) in the FMT group and 25.2% (95% CI, 20.2 to 30.3; P <.001) in the placebo group; however, no difference was observed between the groups. Conclusions and Relevance: FMT did not affect presurgical and postsurgical weight loss. Further studies are needed to elucidate the possible role of FMT in obesity. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03391817.Peer reviewe

Kuluttajat ja kansalaiset jakamistaloudessa - Tutkijapuheenvuoroja jakamistalouden kehitykseen

Jakamistalouden tutkimus avaa uusia näkymiä kulutusyhteiskunnan muutokseen. Julkaisu Kuluttajat ja kansalaiset jakamistaloudessa koostuu tutkijapuheenvuoroista, jotka kuvaavat kotitalouksien jakamistalouden moninaisuutta sekä kytköksiä yhteisöllisyyteen, kiertotalouteen ja digitaalisiin alustoihin. Tutkijoiden arviot perustuvat Tilastokeskuksen syksyllä 2019 keräämään kyselyyn, jossa selvitettiin kotitalouksien jakamistalouden palvelujen käyttöä

Influence of biogenic emissions from boreal forests on aerosol-cloud interactions

Boreal forest acts as a carbon sink and contributes to the formation of secondary organic aerosols via emission of aerosol precursor compounds. However, these influences on the climate system are poorly quantified. Here we show direct observational evidence that aerosol emissions from the boreal forest biosphere influence warm cloud microphysics and cloud-aerosol interactions in a scale-dependent and highly dynamic manner. Analyses of in situ and ground-based remote-sensing observations from the SMEAR II station in Finland, conducted over eight months in 2014, reveal substantial increases in aerosol load over the forest one to three days after aerosol-poor marine air enters the forest environment. We find that these changes are consistent with secondary organic aerosol formation and, together with water-vapour emissions from evapotranspiration, are associated with changes in the radiative properties of warm, low-level clouds. The feedbacks between boreal forest emissions and aerosol-cloud interactions and the highly dynamic nature of these interactions in air transported over the forest over timescales of several days suggest boreal forests have the potential to mitigate climate change on a continental scale. Our findings suggest that even small changes in aerosol precursor emissions, whether due to changing climatic or anthropogenic factors, may substantially modify the radiative properties of clouds in moderately polluted environments. Emissions from the boreal forest biosphere can substantially increase aerosol load above the forest and influence the radiative properties of clouds, according to analysis of observations from a monitoring station in Finland.Peer reviewe